One of the largest hurdles with learning Linux is always the directory structure. it is very different from any Windows based operating system which is where most new Linux learners come from. Here's a quick explanation of the most important directories on a Linux distribution ---------------------->
/bin - This directory
contains most of your non-privileged system commands such as ls, mkdir,
rm, etc.
/boot - Contains
the systems boot image, bootloader, and the kernel
/dev - Symbolic links to
system devices such as optical and removable drives
/etc - Contains all system
configuration files and most configurations for installed packages
/home - Contains a
directory for each user and contains profile information
/lib - Contains dynamic
libraries and modules for the Linux system and installed packages
/media - Contains mount
points for optical drives and removable media
/mnt - Used as a location
for mounted drives and shares
/opt
- Contains user installed packages and custom software not
handled by the system or package manager
/proc - An interface between the kernel and the
system, useful for
diagnostics and system information
/root - The root
superuser's home directory
/sbin
- Contains privileged commands that are usually run as
superuser (root/sudo)
/sys
- An interface between the kernel and the system, used for
modifying system settings
/tmp
- A location for temporary files such as sessions on a web
server
/usr - Contains
most installed packages that are not part of the system, user installed
programs
/usr/bin - Contains
commands related to user installed packages in /usr
/usr/sbin - Contains
privileged commands related to user installed packages in /usr
/var - Contains files that
change often or accessed frequently
/var/log - Contains all system logs and most
logs generated by installed packages
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